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Structures in C

📘 C 👁 29 views 📅 Dec 22, 2025
⏱ Estimated reading time: 1 min

A structure is a user-defined data type that allows grouping of different data types under a single name.

Need for Structures

  • Store related data together

  • Represent real-world entities

  • Overcome limitations of arrays

Declaration of Structure

struct structure_name {
    data_type member1;
    data_type member2;
};

Example Declaration

struct student {
    int roll;
    char name[20];
    float marks;
};

Declaring Structure Variables

struct student s1, s2;

Accessing Structure Members

  • Use dot (.) operator

s1.roll = 1;

Example Program

#include 

struct student {
    int roll;
    char name[20];
    float marks;
};

int main() {
    struct student s1;

    s1.roll = 101;
    printf("Enter name: ");
    scanf("%s", s1.name);
    s1.marks = 85.5;

    printf("Roll: %d\n", s1.roll);
    printf("Name: %s\n", s1.name);
    printf("Marks: %.2f", s1.marks);

    return 0;
}

Array of Structures

struct student s[50];

Passing Structure to Function

  • Passed by value or reference

void display(struct student s);

Structure Pointer

struct student *p;
p = &s1;

Access members using -> operator:

p->roll;

Nested Structures

Structure inside another structure.

Advantages of Structures

  • Organizes complex data

  • Improves readability

  • Supports data abstraction

Summary

  • Structures store heterogeneous data

  • Members accessed using dot or arrow operator

  • Can be used with arrays, pointers, and functions

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