Control Statements in C

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Control statements are used to control the flow of execution of a program based on conditions or loops.

Types of Control Statements

1. Selection Statements

2. Iteration Statements

3. Jump Statements

1. Selection Statements

a) if Statement

Executes a block of code if the condition is true.

if (condition) {
    statements;
}

b) if–else Statement

Executes one block if condition is true, otherwise another block.

if (condition) {
    statements;
} else {
    statements;
}

c) else–if Ladder

Used to check multiple conditions.

if (condition1) {
    statements;
} else if (condition2) {
    statements;
} else {
    statements;
}

d) switch Statement

Used to select one option from multiple choices.

switch (expression) {
    case 1:
        statements;
        break;
    case 2:
        statements;
        break;
    default:
        statements;
}

2. Iteration Statements (Loops)

a) for Loop

Used when number of iterations is known.

for (initialization; condition; increment) {
    statements;
}

b) while Loop

Checks condition before execution.

while (condition) {
    statements;
}

c) do–while Loop

Executes at least once.

do {
    statements;
} while (condition);

3. Jump Statements

a) break

Terminates loop or switch.

break;

b) continue

Skips current iteration.

continue;

c) goto

Transfers control to labeled statement.

goto label;

d) return

Returns control to calling function.

return value;

Summary

• Control statements manage program flow

• Selection statements make decisions

• Iteration statements repeat execution

• Jump statements alter normal flow