Operating Systems – Basics

Computer Fundamentals 181 views Nov 05, 2025 1 min read

Operating Systems – Basics

An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides services for application programs. It acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware.


1. Functions of an Operating System

FunctionDescription
Process ManagementManages execution of programs, CPU scheduling, and multitasking.
Memory ManagementAllocates and deallocates memory for processes efficiently.
File ManagementControls creation, reading, writing, and deletion of files.
Device ManagementManages input/output devices via drivers and ensures proper communication.
Security & Access ControlProtects data, restricts unauthorized access, and maintains user authentication.
User InterfaceProvides a way for users to interact with the computer, via CLI or GUI.

2. Types of Operating Systems




Batch OS

Time-Sharing OS

Distributed OS

Real-Time OS (RTOS)

Network OS

Mobile OS

Desktop OS


3. User Interfaces in OS

  • CLI (Command Line Interface): Text-based interface requiring commands (e.g., DOS, Linux terminal).

  • GUI (Graphical User Interface): Visual interface with icons, windows, and menus (e.g., Windows, macOS).


Key Points

  • OS is essential system software that manages hardware and software resources.

  • Provides efficient multitasking, file handling, security, and device management.

  • OS types vary based on usage, performance, and device type.

  • Users interact with computers via CLI or GUI depending on the OS.

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