Computer Networks – Introduction

📘 Computer Fundamentals 👁 58 views 📅 Nov 05, 2025
⏱ Estimated reading time: 2 min

Computer Networks – Introduction

A computer network is a collection of interconnected computers and devices that can communicate and share resources such as data, files, and hardware.


Purpose of Computer Networks

  • Resource Sharing: Share hardware (printers, storage) and software.

  • Communication: Exchange data via email, chat, and video conferencing.

  • Data Sharing: Access files and databases across multiple devices.

  • Centralized Management: Manage devices and data efficiently.

  • Internet Access: Connect to the global network for information and services.


Components of a Network

ComponentDescription
Computer / NodeDevice connected to the network (PC, server, mobile device).
Network Interface Card (NIC)Hardware that allows a device to connect to a network.
Switch / HubConnects multiple devices within a network for data transfer.
RouterConnects networks and directs data packets between them.
Cables / Wireless MediaPhysical or wireless medium for data transmission.
ServerProvides resources and services to networked devices.

Types of Networks (Based on Scope)

TypeDescription
LAN (Local Area Network)Covers a small area like home, office, or building.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)Covers a city or large campus.
WAN (Wide Area Network)Covers large geographical areas; connects multiple LANs.
PAN (Personal Area Network)Connects personal devices within a short range (Bluetooth, USB).
CAN (Campus Area Network)Connects multiple LANs within a campus or organization.

Key Points

  • Networks enable communication and resource sharing.

  • Devices in a network are called nodes.

  • Networks can be wired or wireless.

  • Network type depends on geographical area and purpose.

  • The Internet is the largest example of a global network.


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