Computer Networks – Introduction
⏱ Estimated reading time: 2 min
Computer Networks – Introduction
A computer network is a collection of interconnected computers and devices that can communicate and share resources such as data, files, and hardware.
Purpose of Computer Networks
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Resource Sharing: Share hardware (printers, storage) and software.
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Communication: Exchange data via email, chat, and video conferencing.
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Data Sharing: Access files and databases across multiple devices.
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Centralized Management: Manage devices and data efficiently.
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Internet Access: Connect to the global network for information and services.
Components of a Network
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Computer / Node | Device connected to the network (PC, server, mobile device). |
| Network Interface Card (NIC) | Hardware that allows a device to connect to a network. |
| Switch / Hub | Connects multiple devices within a network for data transfer. |
| Router | Connects networks and directs data packets between them. |
| Cables / Wireless Media | Physical or wireless medium for data transmission. |
| Server | Provides resources and services to networked devices. |
Types of Networks (Based on Scope)
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| LAN (Local Area Network) | Covers a small area like home, office, or building. |
| MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) | Covers a city or large campus. |
| WAN (Wide Area Network) | Covers large geographical areas; connects multiple LANs. |
| PAN (Personal Area Network) | Connects personal devices within a short range (Bluetooth, USB). |
| CAN (Campus Area Network) | Connects multiple LANs within a campus or organization. |
Key Points
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Networks enable communication and resource sharing.
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Devices in a network are called nodes.
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Networks can be wired or wireless.
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Network type depends on geographical area and purpose.
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The Internet is the largest example of a global network.
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