Exception Handling in C++

Exception handling is a mechanism used to handle runtime errors and maintain normal program flow.

What is an Exception?

An exception is an unexpected event that occurs during program execution, such as:

• Division by zero

• File not found

• Invalid input

Keywords Used in Exception Handling

C++ uses three main keywords:

1. try

2. catch

3. throw

1. try Block

Contains code that may cause an exception.

try {
    // risky code
}

2. throw Statement

Used to throw an exception when an error occurs.

throw value;

Example:

if (b == 0)
    throw b;

3. catch Block

Handles the exception thrown in the try block.

catch(data_type e) {
    // exception handling code
}

Example Program

#include 
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a, b;
    cin >> a >> b;

    try {
        if (b == 0)
            throw b;
        cout << a>catch (int e) {
        cout << "Division by zero error";
    }
    return 0;
}

Multiple catch Blocks

Used to handle different types of exceptions.

try {
    throw 10;
}
catch (int e) {
    cout << "Integer exception";
}
catch (...) {
    cout << "Default exception";
}

catch(...)

Handles all types of exceptions.

catch (...) {
    cout << "Exception occurred";
}

Advantages of Exception Handling

• Prevents program crash

• Separates error-handling code

• Improves program reliability

• Easy debugging

Key Points

• Exceptions occur at runtime

• throw sends exception

• catch receives exception

• try encloses risky code

Conclusion

Exception handling in C++ provides a structured way to detect and manage runtime errors, making programs more robust and reliable.