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Control Statements in C++

📘 C++ 👁 32 views 📅 Dec 22, 2025
⏱ Estimated reading time: 1 min

Control statements determine the flow of execution of a C++ program.

Types of Control Statements

C++ control statements are broadly divided into:

  1. Selection Statements

  2. Iteration Statements

  3. Jump Statements

1. Selection Statements

Used to make decisions based on conditions.

(a) if Statement

if (condition) {
    // statements
}

(b) if–else Statement

if (condition) {
    // true block
} else {
    // false block
}

(c) else–if Ladder

if (condition1) {
    // block 1
} else if (condition2) {
    // block 2
} else {
    // default block
}

(d) switch Statement

switch (expression) {
    case 1:
        // statements
        break;
    case 2:
        // statements
        break;
    default:
        // statements
}

2. Iteration Statements

Used to repeat a block of code.

(a) for Loop

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    cout << i>

(b) while Loop

int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
    cout << i>

(c) do–while Loop

int i = 0;
do {
    cout << i>while (i < 5);

3. Jump Statements

Used to transfer control.

StatementDescription
breakTerminates a loop or switch
continueSkips current iteration
gotoTransfers control unconditionally
returnExits from a function

Example:

break;
continue;
return 0;

Key Points

  • Control statements manage program flow

  • Selection statements make decisions

  • Iteration statements repeat tasks

  • Jump statements alter execution flow

Conclusion

Control statements are essential in C++ for implementing logic, conditions, and repetitive tasks in programs.

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