Biology

Hardy Weinberg Expansion

Expand the Hardy-Weinberg equation.

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

Formula Explanation

Gives the frequencies of the three genotypes under equilibrium.

Variables Explained

p² = homozygous dominant; 2pq = heterozygous; q² = homozygous recessive.

Solved Example

If p = 0.6, q = 0.4, find genotype frequencies.
p²=0.36, 2pq=0.48, q²=0.16.

Exam Tip

Always verify p + q = 1 first.