Arrays – Basics and Operations
📘 Data Structure and Algorithm
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📅 Nov 05, 2025
⏱ Estimated reading time: 1 min
Arrays – Basics and Operations
An array is a linear data structure that stores elements of the same type in contiguous memory locations. It allows random access to elements using an index.
Declaration and Initialization
int arr[5]; // declaration
int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; // initialization
Basic Operations on Arrays
- Traversal: Visiting each element one by one.
- Insertion: Adding an element at a specific index.
- Deletion: Removing an element and shifting others.
- Searching: Finding an element using Linear or Binary Search.
- Updating: Modifying an element at a given index.
Example – Traversal
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cout << arr[i];
}
Advantages
- Simple to use and easy to access elements via index.
- Efficient memory utilization for static data.
Disadvantages
- Fixed size – cannot grow dynamically.
- Insertion and deletion can be costly due to shifting elements.
Applications
- Storing and processing lists of data.
- Used in sorting and searching algorithms.
- Implemented in matrices and other data structures.
Conclusion
Arrays form the base of most data structures. Understanding their behavior and limitations helps in choosing when to use them and when to switch to more flexible structures like linked lists or dynamic arrays.
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