BPSC TRE 4.0 Biology Syllabus 2026 is an important resource for candidates preparing for the Bihar Teacher Recruitment Examination (TRE 4.0) for Higher Secondary Teacher/PGT Biology posts.

In TRE 4.0, Biology is included among the concerned subjects for the Classes 11–12 Higher Secondary Teacher category. Candidates preparing for Biology should focus on core Biology concepts, NCERT/SCERT-based topics, graduation-level fundamentals, diagrams, biological processes and application-based questions.

BPSC TRE 4.0 Biology Exam Pattern 2026

For the Higher Secondary Teacher category, the examination consists of three sections:

Exam Duration: 2 Hours 30 Minutes
Question Type: Objective/MCQ
Negative Marking: 1/3 mark for each wrong answer.

The Language section is qualifying in nature according to the published TRE 4.0 syllabus information, while the concerned subject section carries 80 marks, making Biology preparation particularly important for Biology candidates.

BPSC TRE 4.0 Biology Syllabus 2026 – Topic-wise

1. Diversity in the Living World

Important topics:

• Characteristics of living organisms

• Taxonomy

• Systematics

• Binomial nomenclature

• Taxonomic hierarchy

• Five Kingdom Classification

• Three-domain classification

• Viruses

• Bacteria

• Protists

• Fungi

• Algae

• Bryophytes

• Pteridophytes

• Gymnosperms

• Angiosperms

• Plant classification

• Animal classification

• Non-chordates

• Chordates

• Important examples and characteristics

• Botanical gardens

• Herbarium

• Zoological parks

Important Preparation Areas

Focus particularly on classification, characteristics, examples and differences between major groups.

2. Plant Morphology and Anatomy

Plant Morphology

• Root

• Stem

• Leaf

• Flower

• Inflorescence

• Fruit

• Seed

• Modifications of root

• Modifications of stem

• Modifications of leaves

Plant Anatomy

• Meristematic tissues

• Permanent tissues

• Simple tissues

• Complex tissues

• Xylem

• Phloem

• Vascular bundles

• Dicot root

• Monocot root

• Dicot stem

• Monocot stem

• Dicot leaf

• Monocot leaf

• Secondary growth

3. Cell Biology

Cell Biology is one of the most important sections for BPSC TRE Biology preparation.

Important Topics

• Cell theory

• Prokaryotic cell

• Eukaryotic cell

• Plant cell

• Animal cell

• Plasma membrane

• Cell wall

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Chromosomes

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Ribosomes

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Golgi apparatus

• Lysosomes

• Vacuoles

• Centrosome

• Peroxisomes

• Cytoskeleton

Cell Division

• Cell cycle

• Interphase

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

• Meiosis I

• Meiosis II

• Crossing over

• Significance of meiosis

Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Nucleic acids

• DNA

• RNA

• Enzymes

• Vitamins

• Minerals

4. Plant Physiology

Transport in Plants

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

• Plasmolysis

• Water potential

• Absorption of water

• Transpiration

• Translocation

• Xylem transport

• Phloem transport

Mineral Nutrition

• Essential mineral elements

• Macronutrients

• Micronutrients

• Deficiency symptoms

• Nitrogen metabolism

• Nitrogen fixation

Photosynthesis

• Photosynthetic pigments

• Light reaction

• Photophosphorylation

• Calvin cycle

• C3 pathway

• C4 pathway

• Photorespiration

• Factors affecting photosynthesis

Respiration

• Glycolysis

• Krebs cycle

• Electron transport system

• Oxidative phosphorylation

• Fermentation

• Aerobic respiration

• Anaerobic respiration

Plant Growth and Development

• Plant growth

• Auxin

• Gibberellins

• Cytokinins

• Ethylene

• Abscisic acid

• Photoperiodism

• Vernalization

• Seed dormancy

5. Human Physiology

Human Physiology should be given very high priority.

Digestion and Absorption

• Human digestive system

• Digestive glands

• Digestive enzymes

• Digestion of carbohydrates

• Digestion of proteins

• Digestion of fats

• Absorption of nutrients

Breathing and Respiration

• Human respiratory system

• Mechanism of breathing

• Exchange of gases

• Transport of oxygen

• Transport of carbon dioxide

• Respiratory volumes

• Respiratory disorders

Body Fluids and Circulation

• Blood

• Plasma

• RBC

• WBC

• Platelets

• Blood groups

• Heart

• Cardiac cycle

• ECG

• Blood pressure

• Double circulation

Excretory System

• Human excretory system

• Kidney

• Nephron

• Urine formation

• Ultrafiltration

• Selective reabsorption

• Tubular secretion

• Osmoregulation

• Kidney disorders

Locomotion and Movement

• Skeletal system

• Bones

• Joints

• Muscles

• Muscle contraction

• Sliding filament theory

Neural Control and Coordination

• Neuron

• Nerve impulse

• Synapse

• Brain

• Spinal cord

• Reflex action

• Central nervous system

• Peripheral nervous system

• Autonomic nervous system

• Sense organs

Chemical Coordination

• Endocrine glands

• Pituitary

• Thyroid

• Parathyroid

• Adrenal gland

• Pancreas

• Testes

• Ovaries

• Hormones

• Hormonal disorders

6. Reproduction

Reproduction in Plants

• Asexual reproduction

• Vegetative propagation

• Sexual reproduction

• Structure of flower

• Microsporogenesis

• Megasporogenesis

• Pollination

• Self-pollination

• Cross-pollination

• Pollen-pistil interaction

• Fertilisation

• Double fertilisation

• Embryo development

• Seed development

• Fruit formation

Human Reproduction

• Male reproductive system

• Female reproductive system

• Spermatogenesis

• Oogenesis

• Menstrual cycle

• Fertilisation

• Implantation

• Embryonic development

• Pregnancy

• Parturition

• Lactation

Reproductive Health

• Contraceptive methods

• Family planning

• Sexually transmitted infections

• Infertility

• Assisted reproductive technologies

• IVF

• Reproductive health awareness

7. Genetics and Heredity

Genetics is one of the most important areas for Biology candidates.

Important Topics

• Mendel's experiments

• Laws of inheritance

• Monohybrid cross

• Dihybrid cross

• Test cross

• Back cross

• Dominant and recessive traits

• Incomplete dominance

• Codominance

• Multiple alleles

• ABO blood group

• Sex determination

• Sex-linked inheritance

• Linkage

• Crossing over

• Mutation

• Genetic disorders

Molecular Genetics

• DNA structure

• RNA structure

• DNA replication

• Transcription

• Translation

• Genetic code

• Gene expression

• Lac operon

• Mutations

• Regulation of gene expression

8. Evolution

Important topics:

• Origin of life

• Evidence of evolution

• Fossils

• Comparative anatomy

• Embryological evidence

• Darwinism

• Natural selection

• Lamarckism

• Modern synthetic theory

• Variation

• Mutation

• Genetic drift

• Gene flow

• Adaptation

• Speciation

• Human evolution

9. Ecology

Organisms and Environment

• Organism and environment

• Population

• Community

• Ecosystem

• Biosphere

• Habitat

• Ecological niche

Ecosystem

• Producers

• Consumers

• Decomposers

• Food chain

• Food web

• Ecological pyramids

• Energy flow

• Productivity

• Ecological succession

Biogeochemical Cycles

• Water cycle

• Carbon cycle

• Nitrogen cycle

• Phosphorus cycle

Population Ecology

• Population growth

• Population density

• Natality

• Mortality

• Age distribution

• Population interactions

10. Biodiversity and Conservation

Important topics:

• Biodiversity

• Genetic diversity

• Species diversity

• Ecosystem diversity

• Biodiversity hotspots

• Endangered species

• Extinction

• Conservation

• In-situ conservation

• Ex-situ conservation

• National parks

• Wildlife sanctuaries

• Biosphere reserves

11. Environmental Biology

• Environmental pollution

• Air pollution

• Water pollution

• Soil pollution

• Noise pollution

• Solid waste

• Greenhouse effect

• Global warming

• Climate change

• Ozone depletion

• Acid rain

• Environmental conservation

• Sustainable development

• Renewable resources

• Non-renewable resources

12. Biotechnology

Basic Biotechnology

• Principles of biotechnology

• Genetic engineering

• Recombinant DNA technology

• Restriction enzymes

• DNA ligase

• Cloning vectors

• Plasmids

• Host cells

• Gene cloning

• PCR

• Gel electrophoresis

Applications

• Genetically modified organisms

• GM crops

• Gene therapy

• DNA fingerprinting

• Molecular diagnosis

• Biotechnology in agriculture

• Biotechnology in medicine

• Insulin production

• Vaccines

• Biosafety

13. Biology and Human Welfare

Human Diseases

• Viral diseases

• Bacterial diseases

• Protozoan diseases

• Helminthic diseases

• Malaria

• Dengue

• Tuberculosis

• Typhoid

• AIDS

• Cancer

Immunity

• Innate immunity

• Acquired immunity

• Antigens

• Antibodies

• Vaccination

• Immunisation

• Autoimmune diseases

Microbes in Human Welfare

• Antibiotics

• Fermentation

• Food production

• Industrial microbiology

• Sewage treatment

• Biogas production

• Biofertilisers

• Biocontrol agents

14. Important General Science for TRE 4.0

Apart from the Biology concerned-subject paper, candidates should also prepare the General Studies section, which includes General Science.

Important Biology areas include:

• Human body

• Nutrition

• Diseases

• Vitamins

• Immunity

• Cell and tissues

• Plant morphology

• Plant reproduction

• Plant diseases

• Heredity

• Evolution

• Ecology

• Environment

• Biotechnology

• Everyday applications of science

The TRE 4.0 General Studies syllabus includes General Science, Social Science, national movement, geography/environment and related general-awareness areas.

BPSC TRE 4 Biology – Most Important Topics

BPSC TRE 4 Biology Preparation Strategy

1. Complete NCERT Biology First

Start with NCERT Class 11 and Class 12 Biology. Pay special attention to diagrams, tables, definitions and biological processes.

2. Add Graduation-level Concepts

Since Biology is the concerned subject for Higher Secondary teaching, candidates should not depend only on school-level memorisation. Revise graduation-level fundamentals of:

• Cell Biology

• Genetics

• Botany

• Zoology

• Physiology

• Ecology

• Biotechnology

• Evolution

3. Prepare Diagrams

Important diagrams:

• Plant cell

• Animal cell

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• DNA

• Nephron

• Human heart

• Brain

• Digestive system

• Respiratory system

• Reproductive system

• Flower

• Plant tissues

4. Practice Numerical and Conceptual Genetics

Give special attention to:

• Monohybrid cross

• Dihybrid cross

• Probability

• Blood group inheritance

• Sex-linked inheritance

• Genetic disorders

5. Solve MCQs Regularly

Because the concerned subject carries 80 marks, candidates should solve Biology MCQs every day and analyse mistakes.

BPSC TRE 4 Biology Important MCQs 2026

1. The basic structural and functional unit of life is:

A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. Nucleus

Answer: C. Cell

2. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome

Answer: B. Mitochondria

3. Protein synthesis occurs mainly on:

A. Ribosomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Vacuoles
D. Centrosomes

Answer: A. Ribosomes

4. Photosynthesis takes place in:

A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplasts
C. Ribosomes
D. Nucleus

Answer: B. Chloroplasts

5. The light reaction of photosynthesis occurs in:

A. Stroma
B. Thylakoid membranes
C. Cytoplasm
D. Nucleus

Answer: B. Thylakoid membranes

6. The Calvin cycle occurs in:

A. Grana
B. Stroma
C. Cytoplasm
D. Mitochondrial matrix

Answer: B. Stroma

7. Glycolysis occurs in:

A. Nucleus
B. Cytoplasm
C. Chloroplast
D. Golgi apparatus

Answer: B. Cytoplasm

8. The functional unit of the kidney is:

A. Neuron
B. Nephron
C. Alveolus
D. Villus

Answer: B. Nephron

9. The natural pacemaker of the human heart is:

A. AV node
B. SA node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibres

Answer: B. SA node

10. Insulin is secreted by:

A. Thyroid
B. Pancreas
C. Adrenal gland
D. Pituitary

Answer: B. Pancreas

11. The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is:

A. Nephron
B. Neuron
C. Sarcomere
D. Axon only

Answer: B. Neuron

12. The oxygen-carrying pigment of blood is:

A. Melanin
B. Haemoglobin
C. Myosin
D. Keratin

Answer: B. Haemoglobin

13. The father of genetics is:

A. Darwin
B. Mendel
C. Lamarck
D. Morgan

Answer: B. Gregor Mendel

14. Mendel conducted his famous experiments on:

A. Maize
B. Pea plant
C. Wheat
D. Rice

Answer: B. Pea plant

15. Crossing over occurs during:

A. Prophase I of meiosis
B. Prophase of mitosis
C. Metaphase II
D. Telophase I

Answer: A. Prophase I of meiosis

16. DNA replication is:

A. Conservative
B. Semiconservative
C. Dispersive only
D. Random

Answer: B. Semiconservative

17. The process of formation of RNA from DNA is:

A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. Replication
D. Translocation

Answer: B. Transcription

18. Protein synthesis from mRNA is called:

A. Transcription
B. Translation
C. Replication
D. Mutation

Answer: B. Translation

19. The genetic material of most living organisms is:

A. Protein
B. DNA
C. Lipid
D. Carbohydrate

Answer: B. DNA

20. The ABO blood group system demonstrates:

A. Multiple alleles and codominance
B. Only incomplete dominance
C. Polyploidy
D. Linkage only

Answer: A. Multiple alleles and codominance

21. The hormone responsible for fruit ripening is:

A. Auxin
B. Ethylene
C. Cytokinin
D. ABA

Answer: B. Ethylene

22. Water is mainly transported through:

A. Phloem
B. Xylem
C. Cambium
D. Epidermis

Answer: B. Xylem

23. Food is transported through:

A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Cortex
D. Epidermis

Answer: B. Phloem

24. Double fertilisation is characteristic of:

A. Bryophytes
B. Pteridophytes
C. Gymnosperms
D. Angiosperms

Answer: D. Angiosperms

25. The male gametes of flowering plants are delivered through:

A. Ovary
B. Pollen tube
C. Sepal
D. Stigma only

Answer: B. Pollen tube

26. The formation of sperm is called:

A. Oogenesis
B. Spermatogenesis
C. Ovulation
D. Fertilisation

Answer: B. Spermatogenesis

27. The formation of ova is called:

A. Spermatogenesis
B. Oogenesis
C. Implantation
D. Cleavage

Answer: B. Oogenesis

28. Darwin's theory of evolution is primarily based on:

A. Natural selection
B. Mutation only
C. Genetic engineering
D. Artificial selection only

Answer: A. Natural selection

29. The first trophic level in an ecosystem contains:

A. Herbivores
B. Carnivores
C. Producers
D. Decomposers

Answer: C. Producers

30. The ultimate source of energy for most ecosystems is:

A. Soil
B. Sun
C. Water
D. Wind

Answer: B. Sun

31. Organisms that decompose dead organic matter are:

A. Producers
B. Consumers
C. Decomposers
D. Herbivores

Answer: C. Decomposers

32. PCR is mainly used for:

A. DNA amplification
B. Protein digestion
C. Cell division
D. Photosynthesis

Answer: A. DNA amplification

33. Restriction enzymes are used to:

A. Cut DNA at specific sites
B. Synthesize proteins
C. Digest carbohydrates
D. Produce ATP

Answer: A. Cut DNA at specific sites

34. DNA fingerprinting is useful in:

A. Forensic identification
B. Photosynthesis
C. Respiration
D. Digestion

Answer: A. Forensic identification

35. AIDS is caused by:

A. HBV
B. HIV
C. HCV
D. HPV

Answer: B. HIV

36. Malaria is caused by:

A. Plasmodium
B. Salmonella
C. Vibrio
D. E. coli

Answer: A. Plasmodium

37. Malaria is mainly transmitted by:

A. Female Anopheles mosquito
B. Male Anopheles mosquito
C. Aedes mosquito
D. Housefly

Answer: A. Female Anopheles mosquito

38. Tuberculosis is caused by:

A. Virus
B. Bacterium
C. Protozoan
D. Fungus

Answer: B. Bacterium

39. Vaccination primarily helps in developing:

A. Immunity
B. Digestion
C. Respiration
D. Excretion

Answer: A. Immunity

40. Vitamin D synthesis in human skin is associated with:

A. Sunlight
B. Darkness
C. Oxygen only
D. Nitrogen

Answer: A. Sunlight

41. The ozone layer protects living organisms mainly from:

A. Infrared radiation
B. Ultraviolet radiation
C. Radio waves
D. Sound waves

Answer: B. Ultraviolet radiation

42. Which is an important greenhouse gas?

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Helium

Answer: C. Carbon dioxide

43. Mitosis generally produces:

A. Four genetically different cells
B. Two genetically similar daughter cells
C. One haploid cell
D. Gametes only

Answer: B. Two genetically similar daughter cells

44. Meiosis results in:

A. Reduction of chromosome number
B. Doubling of chromosome number
C. No change in chromosome number
D. Formation of only somatic cells

Answer: A. Reduction of chromosome number

45. The functional unit of muscle contraction is:

A. Neuron
B. Sarcomere
C. Nephron
D. Alveolus

Answer: B. Sarcomere

46. Which hormone promotes cell elongation in plants?

A. Auxin
B. Ethylene
C. ABA
D. Cytokinin only

Answer: A. Auxin

47. Nitrogen fixation converts atmospheric nitrogen into:

A. Usable nitrogen compounds
B. Oxygen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Glucose

Answer: A. Usable nitrogen compounds

48. The process of formation of a new species is called:

A. Speciation
B. Translation
C. Transcription
D. Fertilisation

Answer: A. Speciation

49. In-situ conservation means conservation:

A. Outside natural habitat
B. Within natural habitat
C. Only in laboratories
D. Only in zoos

Answer: B. Within natural habitat

50. Which technique is commonly used to amplify a specific DNA sequence?

A. PCR
B. ELISA
C. Chromatography
D. Centrifugation

Answer: A. PCR

BPSC TRE 4 Biology Study Plan

Week 1 – Cell Biology

Cell structure, organelles, biomolecules, cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis.

Week 2 – Plant Biology

Plant morphology, anatomy, photosynthesis, respiration, transport and plant hormones.

Week 3 – Human Physiology

Digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion, nervous system and endocrine system.

Week 4 – Genetics

Mendelism, molecular genetics, DNA replication, transcription, translation and mutations.

Week 5 – Reproduction & Evolution

Plant reproduction, human reproduction, reproductive health and evolution.

Week 6 – Ecology & Biotechnology

Ecosystem, biodiversity, environment, conservation and biotechnology.

Final Phase

• Previous Year Questions

• Chapter-wise MCQs

• NCERT revision

• Mock tests

• Biology diagrams

• Important facts

• Genetics problems

• Full-length TRE practice sets

Final Tips for BPSC TRE 4 Biology

For Biology candidates, the best preparation approach is:

NCERT → Concept Building → Graduation-level Revision → Topic-wise MCQs → Previous Questions → Mock Tests

Give maximum attention to Cell Biology, Human Physiology, Genetics, Plant Physiology, Reproduction, Ecology and Biotechnology.

Since the Concerned Subject section carries 80 marks, Biology candidates should build strong conceptual command over their subject rather than relying only on one-line factual preparation.

Note: BPSC may modify schedules or details through subsequent notices. Candidates should verify the final examination details and subject-specific syllabus from the latest BPSC notification before applying or appearing for the examination.