Bihar STET Biology Syllabus 2026 is important for candidates preparing for the Biology/Zoology/Botany-related teaching posts under Bihar Secondary Teacher Eligibility Test (STET) Paper-II. Paper-II is conducted for teaching eligibility at the Higher Secondary level (Classes 11–12).

The Biology-related preparation should cover concepts from Higher Secondary as well as Graduation level, particularly Cell Biology, Plant Physiology, Human Physiology, Genetics, Reproduction, Ecology, Evolution, Biotechnology and related areas.

Bihar STET Biology Exam Pattern 2026

The 50-question common section includes Art of Teaching, General Knowledge, Environmental Science, Mathematical Aptitude and Logical Reasoning.

Bihar STET Biology Syllabus 2026 – Topic-wise

1. Diversity in the Living World

Important Topics

• Living and non-living organisms

• Characteristics of living organisms

• Taxonomy

• Systematics

• Binomial nomenclature

• Taxonomic hierarchy

• Five Kingdom classification

• Plant Kingdom

• Animal Kingdom

• Viruses

• Bacteria

• Algae

• Fungi

• Bryophytes

• Pteridophytes

• Gymnosperms

• Angiosperms

• Non-chordates

• Chordates

• Botanical gardens

• Herbarium

• Zoological parks

Important for Exam

Focus on classification, characteristics and examples of different plant and animal groups.

2. Structural Organisation in Plants

Important Topics

• Plant tissues

• Meristematic tissues

• Permanent tissues

• Simple permanent tissues

• Complex permanent tissues

• Xylem

• Phloem

• Root

• Stem

• Leaf

• Flower

• Inflorescence

• Fruit

• Seed

• Anatomy of flowering plants

• Monocot and dicot plants

• Secondary growth

Must Revise

• Differences between monocot and dicot

• Xylem and phloem

• Root and stem anatomy

• Types of plant tissues

3. Structural Organisation in Animals

Important topics include:

• Animal tissues

• Epithelial tissue

• Connective tissue

• Muscular tissue

• Nervous tissue

• Earthworm

• Cockroach

• Frog

• Digestive system

• Respiratory system

• Circulatory system

• Reproductive system

Candidates should understand the structure, functions and important biological systems of representative organisms.

4. Cell Biology

Cell Biology is one of the most important areas for Biology preparation.

Important Topics

• Cell theory

• Prokaryotic cell

• Eukaryotic cell

• Plant cell

• Animal cell

• Cell wall

• Plasma membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Ribosomes

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Golgi apparatus

• Lysosomes

• Vacuoles

• Centrosome

• Chromosomes

• Cell cycle

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Nucleic acids

• DNA

• RNA

• Enzymes

• Vitamins

• Minerals

High-priority areas: Cell organelles, DNA/RNA, mitosis vs meiosis and biomolecules.

5. Plant Physiology

Photosynthesis

• Photosynthetic pigments

• Light reaction

• Dark reaction

• Calvin cycle

• C3 plants

• C4 plants

• Photorespiration

• Factors affecting photosynthesis

Respiration

• Glycolysis

• Krebs cycle

• Electron transport system

• Fermentation

• Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Transport in Plants

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

• Plasmolysis

• Water potential

• Transpiration

• Translocation

• Xylem transport

• Phloem transport

Mineral Nutrition

• Essential elements

• Macronutrients

• Micronutrients

• Nitrogen metabolism

• Nitrogen fixation

• Deficiency symptoms

Plant Growth

• Plant growth regulators

• Auxin

• Gibberellin

• Cytokinin

• Ethylene

• Abscisic acid

• Photoperiodism

• Vernalization

6. Human Physiology

Human Physiology is a very important scoring section.

Digestion and Absorption

• Human digestive system

• Digestive glands

• Digestive enzymes

• Digestion of carbohydrates

• Digestion of proteins

• Digestion of fats

• Absorption of nutrients

Breathing and Respiration

• Respiratory system

• Mechanism of breathing

• Gas exchange

• Transport of oxygen

• Transport of carbon dioxide

• Respiratory disorders

Body Fluids and Circulation

• Blood

• Plasma

• RBC

• WBC

• Platelets

• Blood groups

• Heart

• Cardiac cycle

• Blood pressure

• ECG

• Double circulation

Excretion

• Human excretory system

• Kidney

• Nephron

• Urine formation

• Osmoregulation

• Urea

• Kidney disorders

Locomotion

• Bones

• Joints

• Muscles

• Muscle contraction

• Skeletal system

Neural Control

• Neuron

• Nervous system

• Brain

• Spinal cord

• Reflex action

• Synapse

• Sensory organs

Endocrine System

• Pituitary gland

• Thyroid gland

• Parathyroid

• Adrenal gland

• Pancreas

• Testes

• Ovaries

• Hormones

• Hormonal disorders

7. Reproduction

Reproduction in Plants

• Flower structure

• Microsporogenesis

• Megasporogenesis

• Pollination

• Types of pollination

• Fertilisation

• Double fertilisation

• Embryo development

• Seed development

• Fruit formation

Human Reproduction

• Male reproductive system

• Female reproductive system

• Spermatogenesis

• Oogenesis

• Menstrual cycle

• Fertilisation

• Implantation

• Embryonic development

• Pregnancy

• Parturition

• Lactation

Reproductive Health

• Family planning

• Contraceptive methods

• Sexually transmitted infections

• Infertility

• Assisted reproductive technologies

• Reproductive health awareness

8. Genetics and Heredity

Genetics should receive special attention because conceptual and numerical questions can be asked from this section.

Important Topics

• Mendel's experiments

• Laws of inheritance

• Dominant and recessive traits

• Monohybrid cross

• Dihybrid cross

• Test cross

• Back cross

• Incomplete dominance

• Codominance

• Multiple alleles

• ABO blood group

• Sex determination

• Sex-linked inheritance

• Linkage

• Crossing over

• Mutation

• Genetic disorders

Molecular Genetics

• DNA structure

• RNA structure

• DNA replication

• Transcription

• Translation

• Genetic code

• Gene expression

• Operon concept

• Mutations

9. Evolution

Important Topics

• Origin of life

• Evidence of evolution

• Fossils

• Comparative anatomy

• Embryological evidence

• Darwin's theory

• Natural selection

• Modern synthetic theory

• Variation

• Mutation

• Genetic drift

• Gene flow

• Adaptation

• Speciation

• Human evolution

10. Ecology

Important Topics

• Organisms and environment

• Population

• Community

• Ecosystem

• Food chain

• Food web

• Ecological pyramids

• Energy flow

• Productivity

• Nutrient cycles

• Carbon cycle

• Nitrogen cycle

• Ecological succession

• Population interactions

Biodiversity

• Biodiversity

• Genetic diversity

• Species diversity

• Ecosystem diversity

• Biodiversity hotspots

• Conservation

• National parks

• Wildlife sanctuaries

• Biosphere reserves

• Endangered species

11. Environmental Biology

Important topics:

• Air pollution

• Water pollution

• Soil pollution

• Noise pollution

• Greenhouse effect

• Global warming

• Climate change

• Ozone depletion

• Acid rain

• Solid waste management

• Environmental conservation

• Sustainable development

• Renewable resources

• Non-renewable resources

12. Biotechnology

Important Topics

• Biotechnology principles

• Genetic engineering

• Recombinant DNA technology

• Restriction enzymes

• DNA ligase

• Vectors

• Plasmids

• PCR

• Gel electrophoresis

• Gene cloning

• DNA fingerprinting

• Genetically modified organisms

• Gene therapy

• Biotechnology in agriculture

• Biotechnology in medicine

13. Biology and Human Welfare

Human Diseases

• Viral diseases

• Bacterial diseases

• Protozoan diseases

• Helminthic diseases

• Malaria

• Dengue

• Tuberculosis

• Typhoid

• AIDS

• Cancer

Immunity

• Innate immunity

• Acquired immunity

• Antibodies

• Antigens

• Vaccination

• Immunisation

• Autoimmune diseases

Microbes in Human Welfare

• Antibiotics

• Fermentation

• Food processing

• Sewage treatment

• Biogas

• Industrial production

Bihar STET Biology – High Priority Topics

Bihar STET Biology Preparation Strategy

1. Start with NCERT Concepts

First revise Class 11 and 12 Biology concepts, particularly diagrams, definitions, processes and tables.

2. Give More Time to High-Weightage Areas

Prioritise:

Cell → Human Physiology → Genetics → Plant Physiology → Reproduction → Ecology → Biotechnology

3. Prepare Diagrams

Important diagrams include:

• Plant cell

• Animal cell

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Nephron

• Human heart

• Human brain

• Digestive system

• Respiratory system

• Male reproductive system

• Female reproductive system

• DNA structure

• Flower structure

4. Practice MCQs

After completing every chapter, solve at least 30–50 MCQs.

5. Revise Scientific Terms

Make short notes for:

• Hormones

• Enzymes

• Vitamins

• Diseases

• Deficiency disorders

• Plant hormones

• Genetic disorders

• Biological cycles

Bihar STET Biology Important MCQs 2026

1. The powerhouse of the cell is:

A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Lysosome

Answer: B. Mitochondria

2. The basic unit of life is:

A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. Organ system

Answer: C. Cell

3. Which organelle is known as the protein factory of the cell?

A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Nucleus

Answer: A. Ribosome

4. DNA stands for:

A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
B. Dioxyribonuclear Acid
C. Deoxyribose Nuclear Acid
D. Double Nucleic Acid

Answer: A. Deoxyribonucleic Acid

5. Photosynthesis takes place mainly in:

A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplast
C. Ribosome
D. Nucleus

Answer: B. Chloroplast

6. The green pigment in plants is:

A. Carotene
B. Xanthophyll
C. Chlorophyll
D. Anthocyanin

Answer: C. Chlorophyll

7. Which gas is released during photosynthesis?

A. Nitrogen
B. Oxygen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Hydrogen

Answer: B. Oxygen

8. Glycolysis takes place in:

A. Nucleus
B. Cytoplasm
C. Mitochondria
D. Chloroplast

Answer: B. Cytoplasm

9. The functional unit of kidney is:

A. Neuron
B. Nephron
C. Alveolus
D. Villus

Answer: B. Nephron

10. The largest gland in the human body is:

A. Pancreas
B. Thyroid
C. Liver
D. Pituitary

Answer: C. Liver

11. The universal donor blood group is generally considered:

A. AB+
B. O−
C. A+
D. B−

Answer: B. O−

12. Which blood cells help in body defence?

A. RBC
B. WBC
C. Platelets
D. Plasma

Answer: B. WBC

13. Insulin is secreted by:

A. Thyroid
B. Pancreas
C. Adrenal gland
D. Pituitary gland

Answer: B. Pancreas

14. The hormone responsible for the "fight or flight" response is:

A. Insulin
B. Adrenaline
C. Thyroxine
D. Estrogen

Answer: B. Adrenaline

15. The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is:

A. Nephron
B. Neuron
C. Sarcomere
D. Alveolus

Answer: B. Neuron

16. The genetic material of most organisms is:

A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. DNA
D. Carbohydrate

Answer: C. DNA

17. The father of genetics is:

A. Charles Darwin
B. Gregor Mendel
C. Watson
D. Lamarck

Answer: B. Gregor Mendel

18. Mendel conducted his experiments mainly on:

A. Wheat
B. Pea plant
C. Maize
D. Rice

Answer: B. Pea plant

19. The phenotype of an organism refers to:

A. Genetic constitution only
B. Observable characteristics
C. Chromosome number
D. DNA sequence only

Answer: B. Observable characteristics

20. The ABO blood group system is an example of:

A. Multiple alleles
B. Mutation only
C. Polyploidy
D. Linkage only

Answer: A. Multiple alleles

21. Crossing over occurs during:

A. Prophase I of meiosis
B. Prophase of mitosis
C. Telophase II
D. Interphase

Answer: A. Prophase I of meiosis

22. The process of formation of sperm is called:

A. Oogenesis
B. Spermatogenesis
C. Fertilisation
D. Ovulation

Answer: B. Spermatogenesis

23. Double fertilisation is characteristic of:

A. Algae
B. Bryophytes
C. Gymnosperms
D. Angiosperms

Answer: D. Angiosperms

24. The male gamete in flowering plants is carried by:

A. Ovule
B. Pollen tube
C. Sepal
D. Ovary

Answer: B. Pollen tube

25. The hormone responsible for fruit ripening is:

A. Auxin
B. Cytokinin
C. Ethylene
D. Gibberellin

Answer: C. Ethylene

26. Auxin mainly promotes:

A. Cell elongation
B. Fruit ripening
C. Leaf fall only
D. Seed dormancy

Answer: A. Cell elongation

27. The loss of water vapour from plant surfaces is called:

A. Respiration
B. Transpiration
C. Photosynthesis
D. Translocation

Answer: B. Transpiration

28. Water is mainly transported through:

A. Phloem
B. Xylem
C. Cambium
D. Epidermis

Answer: B. Xylem

29. Food is mainly transported through:

A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Cortex
D. Epidermis

Answer: B. Phloem

30. The process by which plants manufacture food is:

A. Respiration
B. Transpiration
C. Photosynthesis
D. Digestion

Answer: C. Photosynthesis

31. The father of evolution by natural selection is:

A. Gregor Mendel
B. Charles Darwin
C. Robert Hooke
D. Louis Pasteur

Answer: B. Charles Darwin

32. Natural selection was proposed by:

A. Darwin and Wallace
B. Watson and Crick
C. Mendel and Morgan
D. Pasteur and Koch

Answer: A. Darwin and Wallace

33. A group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area is called:

A. Community
B. Population
C. Ecosystem
D. Biosphere

Answer: B. Population

34. The first trophic level of a food chain consists of:

A. Consumers
B. Decomposers
C. Producers
D. Carnivores

Answer: C. Producers

35. The ultimate source of energy for most ecosystems is:

A. Soil
B. Water
C. Sun
D. Wind

Answer: C. Sun

36. Organisms that break down dead organic matter are:

A. Producers
B. Herbivores
C. Decomposers
D. Primary consumers

Answer: C. Decomposers

37. PCR is used for:

A. DNA amplification
B. Protein digestion
C. Cell respiration
D. Photosynthesis

Answer: A. DNA amplification

38. The enzyme used to cut DNA at specific sites is:

A. DNA ligase
B. Restriction enzyme
C. Amylase
D. Pepsin

Answer: B. Restriction enzyme

39. DNA fingerprinting is mainly based on:

A. DNA sequence variation
B. Blood pressure
C. Protein digestion
D. Cell size

Answer: A. DNA sequence variation

40. AIDS is caused by:

A. HBV
B. HIV
C. HCV
D. Influenza virus

Answer: B. HIV

41. Malaria is caused by:

A. Plasmodium
B. Salmonella
C. Vibrio
D. Entamoeba

Answer: A. Plasmodium

42. Malaria is transmitted mainly by:

A. Housefly
B. Female Anopheles mosquito
C. Male Anopheles mosquito
D. Aedes mosquito

Answer: B. Female Anopheles mosquito

43. Tuberculosis is caused by:

A. Virus
B. Bacterium
C. Protozoan
D. Fungus

Answer: B. Bacterium

44. Vaccination helps develop:

A. Immunity
B. Digestion
C. Respiration
D. Excretion

Answer: A. Immunity

45. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight?

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D

Answer: D. Vitamin D

46. The ozone layer protects Earth mainly from:

A. Infrared rays
B. Ultraviolet rays
C. Radio waves
D. Sound waves

Answer: B. Ultraviolet rays

47. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Hydrogen

Answer: C. Carbon dioxide

48. The powerhouse of aerobic respiration is:

A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi body
D. Lysosome

Answer: B. Mitochondria

49. Which division produces genetically similar daughter cells?

A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Reduction division
D. Crossing over

Answer: B. Mitosis

50. The process of formation of female gametes is called:

A. Spermatogenesis
B. Oogenesis
C. Fertilisation
D. Pollination

Answer: B. Oogenesis

Quick Revision Plan for Bihar STET Biology

Week 1

Cell Biology + Biomolecules + Diversity

Week 2

Plant Physiology + Plant Anatomy

Week 3

Human Physiology

Week 4

Genetics + Molecular Biology

Week 5

Reproduction + Evolution

Week 6

Ecology + Environment + Biotechnology + Human Welfare

Final Revision

• Previous Year Questions

• Chapter-wise MCQs

• Mock Tests

• Diagrams

• Important definitions

• Biological processes

• Hormones and enzymes

• Diseases and causative organisms

Final Preparation Tip

For Bihar STET Biology, do not limit preparation only to memorising facts. Focus on concepts, diagrams, processes, comparisons and application-based questions. Since the specified subject carries 100 marks, it should receive the largest share of your preparation time.

Best strategy:
NCERT/standard Biology concepts → Graduation-level revision → Topic-wise MCQs → Previous Year Questions → Full Mock Tests.

Note: Candidates should always cross-check the final subject-wise syllabus with the latest BSEB STET notification/syllabus PDF before the examination, as the Board may update subject-specific details.